Details of Metabolite (Meta)

General Information of Metabolite (ID: MT030)
Meta Name	Phenylacetate
Unify Name	Phenylacetic acid
Synonym	Click to Show/Hide the Detailed Synonyms of This Metabolite 2-PHENYLACETIC ACID;2-Phenylethanoic acid;alpha-Toluic acid;Benzeneacetic acid;Benzylformic acid;Omega-phenylacetic acid;PA;Phenylacetate;2-PHENYLACETate;2-Phenylethanoate;a-Toluate;a-Toluic acid;alpha-Toluate;Alpha-toluate;Alpha-toluic acid;Benzeneacetate;Benzylformate;Omega-phenylacetate;Phenylethanoate;Phenylethanoic acid;W-Phenylacetate;W-Phenylacetic acid;Phenylacetic acid, potassium salt;Sodium phenylacetate;Phenylacetic acid, lithium salt;Phenylacetic acid, sodium salt;Phenylacetic acid, ammonium salt;Phenylacetic acid, calcium salt;Phenylacetic acid, cesium salt;Phenylacetic acid, mercury salt;Phenylacetic acid, rubidium salt;Phenylacetic acid, sodium salt , carboxy-(11)C-labeled CPD;PAA;omega-Phenylacetic acid
Molecule Type	Amino acid (AAs)
Formula	C8H7O2
Inchi Key	WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Description	Click to Show/Hide the Detailed Description of This Metabolite Human Metabolome Database (HMDB): Phenyl acetate (or phenylacetate) is a carboxylic acid ester that has been found in the biofluids of patients with nephritis and/or hepatitis as well as patients with phenylketonuria (PKU), an inborn error of metabolism. Excess phenylalanine in the body can be disposed of through a transamination process leading to the production of phenylpyruvate. The phenylpyruvate can be further metabolized into a number of products. Decarboxylation of phenylpyruvate gives phenylacetate, while a reduction reaction gives phenyllactate. The phenylacetate can be further conjugated with glutamine to give phenylacetyl glutamine. All of these metabolites can be detected in serum and urine of PKU patients. Phenyl acetate is also produced endogenously as the metabolite of 2-Phenylethylamine, which is mainly metabolized by monoamine oxidase to form phenyl acetate. 2-phenylethylamine is an "endogenous amphetamine" which may modulate central adrenergic functions, and the urinary phenyl acetate levels have been postulated as a marker for depression. (PMID: 17978765, 476920, 6857245). Phenylacetate is also found in essential oils, e.g. neroli, rose oil, free and as esters' and in many fruits. As a result it is used as a perfumery and flavoring ingredient.
External Links	HMDB ID	HMDB0000209
	VMH ID	pac
	KEGG ID	C07086
	Metlin ID	129

The epigenetic modification information of this metabolite
Modification Type																				Molecule																				EM Info								Cell/Tissue Type																		Modified sites																						Condition														REF
Histone Deacetylation																				HDAC																				EM Info								.																		.																						.														[1], [2]

The microbes that produce this metabolite
Bacteroides
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[3], [4]
Description	Bacteroides is a genus of gram-negative, obligate anaerobic bacteria.
Roseburia intestinalis
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[5], [6]
Description	Roseburia intestinalis is a saccharolytic, butyrate-producing bacteria first isolated from human faeces. It is anaerobic, gram-positive, non-sporeforming, slightly curved rod-shaped and motile by means of multiple subterminal flagella. L1-82 is the type strain.
Anaerostipes hadrus
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[7], [4]
Description	Anaerostipes hadrus is a gram-positive bacteria from the genus of Anaerostipes which has been isolated from human faeces.
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[8], [9]
Description	Faecalibacteria prausnitzii is a species of gram-positive, anaerobic bacyeria from the genus Faecalibacteria.
Eubacterium limosum
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[10], [11]
Description	Eubacteria limosum is the type species of the genus Eubacteria. Cells stain gram-positive, are nonmotile, and occur often with swollen ends. The anaerobic type strain grows autotrophically using H 2 + CO 2 or CO as carbon and energy source.
Clostridium
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[4], [12]
Description	Clostridium is a genus of gram-positive, anaerobic bacteria from the family Bacillaceae.
Bacteroides fragilis ZY-312
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[10], [13]
Description	Bacteroides fragilis ZY-312 is a strain of gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria from the species Bacteroides fragilis.
Eggerthella lenta
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[10], [14]
Description	Eggerthella lenta is a species of aerobic, gram-negative, rod shaped bacteria in the phylum Actinobacteria. E. lenta is a commensal organism of the gastrointestinal tract and is rarely associated with infections.
Eubacterium cylindroides
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[8], [15]
Description	Faecalitalea cylindroides is an anaerobic, mesophilic bacteria that was isolated from clinically normal human faeces.
Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. faecalis NBRC 13111
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[16], [1]
Description	Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. faecalis NBRC 13111 is a strain of aerobic and gram-negative bacteria.
Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. faecalis NCIB 8687
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[16], [1]
Description	Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. faecalis NCIB 8687 is a strain of aerobic and gram-negative bacteria.
Bacteroides fragilis 3_1_12
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[10], [1]
Description	Bacteroides fragilis 3_1_12 is a strain of nanaerobic and gram-negative, saccharolytic bacteria.
Bacteroides fragilis 638R
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[10], [1]
Description	Bacteroides fragilis 638R is a strain of nanaerobic and gram-negative, saccharolytic bacteria.
Bacteroides fragilis NCTC 9343
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[10], [1]
Description	Bacteroides fragilis NCTC 9343 is a strain of nanaerobic and gram-negative, saccharolytic bacteria.
Bacteroides fragilis YCH46
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[10], [1]
Description	Bacteroides fragilis YCH46 is a strain of nanaerobic and gram-negative, saccharolytic bacteria.
Bacteroides ovatus ATCC 8483
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[10], [1]
Description	Bacteroides ovatus ATCC 8483 is a strain of nanaerobic and gram-negative, saccharolytic bacteria.
Bacteroides ovatus SD CC 2a
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[10], [1]
Description	Bacteroides ovatus SD CC 2a is a strain of nanaerobic and gram-negative, saccharolytic bacteria.
Bacteroides ovatus SD CMC 3f
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[10], [1]
Description	Bacteroides ovatus SD CMC 3f is a strain of nanaerobic and gram-negative, saccharolytic bacteria.
Bacteroides stercoris ATCC 43183
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[10], [1]
Description	Bacteroides stercoris ATCC 43183 is a strain of nanaerobic and gram-negative, saccharolytic bacteria.
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[10], [1]
Description	Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 is a strain of obligate anaerobic, gram-negative, saccharolytic bacteria.
Bacteroides uniformis ATCC 8492
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[10], [1]
Description	Bacteroides uniformis ATCC 8492 is a strain of nanaerobic, gram-negative, saccharolytic bacteria.
Clostridium bartlettii DSM 16795
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[17], [1]
Description	Clostridium bartlettii DSM 16795 is a strain of obligate anaerobic, gram-positive bacteria.
Clostridium difficile CD196
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[17], [1]
Description	Clostridium difficile CD196 is a strain of obligate anaerobic, gram-positive, proteolytic bacteria.
Clostridium difficile NAP07
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[17], [1]
Description	Clostridium difficile NAP07 is a strain of obligate anaerobic, gram-positive, proteolytic bacteria.
Clostridium difficile NAP08
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[17], [1]
Description	Clostridium difficile NAP08 is a strain of obligate anaerobic, gram-positive, proteolytic bacteria.
Clostridium difficile R20291
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[17], [1]
Description	Clostridium difficile R20291 is a strain of obligate anaerobic, gram-positive, proteolytic bacteria.
Clostridium sordellii ATCC 9714
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[5], [1]
Description	Clostridium sordellii ATCC 9714 is a strain of obligate anaerobic, gram-positive, saccharolytic bacteria.
Delftia acidovorans SPH-1
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[16], [1]
Description	Delftia acidovorans SPH-1 is a strain of facultative anaerobic, gram-negative bacteria.
Enterobacter cancerogenus ATCC 35316
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[17], [1]
Description	Enterobacter cancerogenus ATCC 35316 is a strain of facultative anaerobic, gram-negative bacteria.
Escherichia coli O157:H7 str. Sakai
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[10], [1]
Description	Escherichia coli O157:H7 str. Sakai is a strain of facultative anaerobic, gram-negative bacteria.
Escherichia coli SE11
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[10], [1]
Description	Escherichia coli SE11 is a strain of facultative anaerobic, gram-negative bacteria.
Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[5], [1]
Description	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 is a strain of facultative anaerobic, gram-negative bacteria.
Escherichia coli UTI89 (UPEC)
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[1], [2]
Description	Escherichia coli UTI89 is a strain of facultative anaerobic, gram-negative, fermentative or respiratory bacteria.
Mogibacterium timidum ATCC 33093
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[10], [1]
Description	Mogibacteria timidum ATCC 33093 is a strain of obligate anaerobic, gram-positive, asaccharolytic metabolism bacteria.
Parabacteroides distasonis ATCC 8503
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[10], [1]
Description	Parabacteroides distasonis ATCC 8503 is a strain of nanaerobic, gram-negative, saccharolytic bacteria.
Porphyromonas gingivalis W83
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[16], [1]
Description	Porphyromonas gingivalis W83 is a strain of obligate anaerobic, gram-negative, asaccharolytic, proteolytic bacteria.
Pseudomonas monteilii NBRC 103158 = DSM 14164
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[5], [1]
Description	Pseudomonas monteilii NBRC 103158 = DSM 14164 is a strain of aerobic, gram-negative, respiratory metabolism bacteria.
Pseudomonas monteilii QM
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[5], [1]
Description	Pseudomonas monteilii QM is a strain of aerobic, gram-negative bacteria.
Pyramidobacter piscolens W5455
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[10], [1]
Description	Pyramidobacter piscolens W5455 is a strain of obligate anaerobic, gram-negative, asaccharolytic bacteria.
Raoultella planticola ATCC 33531
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[17], [1]
Description	Raoultella planticola ATCC 33531 is a strain of facultative anaerobic, gram-negative, fermentative bacteria.
Rhodococcus erythropolis PR4
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[1], [18]
Description	Rhodococcus erythropolis PR4 is a strain of aerobic, gram-positive, saccharolytic bacteria.
Serratia liquefaciens ATCC 27592
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[17], [1]
Description	Serratia liquefaciens ATCC 27592 is a strain of facultative anaerobic, gram-negative, fermentative bacteria.
Tannerella forsythia ATCC 43037
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[5], [1]
Description	Tannerella forsythia ATCC 43037 is a strain of obligate anaerobic, gram-negative, asaccharolytic metabolism bacteria.
Bacillus fordii DSM 16014
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[16], [1]
Description	Bacillus fordii DSM 16014 is a gram-positive and aerobic strain from the genus of Bacillus.
Brevibacillus agri 5-2
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[17], [1]
Description	Brevibacillus agri 5-2 is a gram-variable and aerobic strain from the genus of Brevibacillus.
Brevibacillus agri BAB-2500
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[17], [1]
Description	Brevibacillus agri BAB-2500 is a gram-Variable and aerobic strain from the genus of Brevibacillus.
Burkholderia cepacia GG4
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[16], [1]
Description	Burkholderia cepacia GG4 is a gram-negative and mcroaerophile strain from the genus of Burkholderia.
Rhodococcus equi NBRC 101255 = C 701
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[17], [1]
Description	Rhodococcus equi NBRC 101255 = C 701 is a gram-positive and aerobic strain from the genus of Rhodococcus.
Rhodococcus equi ATCC 33707
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[17], [1]
Description	Rhodococcus equi ATCC 33707 is a gram-positive and aerobic strain from the genus of Rhodococcus.
Rhodococcus rhodochrous ATCC 21198
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[1], [18]
Description	Rhodococcus rhodochrous ATCC 21198 is a gram-positive and aerobic strain from the genus of Rhodococcus.
Acinetobacter baumannii AB0057
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[17], [1]
Description	Acinetobacter baumannii AB0057 is a gram-negative and aerobic strain from the genus of Acinetobacter.
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus PHEA-2
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[17], [1]
Description	Acinetobacter calcoaceticus PHEA-2 is a gram-negative and aerobic strain from the genus of Acinetobacter.
Clostridium difficile
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[4], [19]
Description	Clostridioides difficile is a species of gram-positive, anaerobic bacteria from the genus Clostridioides.
Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[5], [4]
Description	Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens is an obligate anaerobic, gram-structurally positive but stains negative bacteria. Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens is also considered to play a minor role in cellulose degradation in the rumen.
Bifidobacterium adolescentis
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[8], [20]
Description	Bifidobacteria adolescentis is a gram-positive bacteria that has no spores, no flagella, and does not move.
Eubacterium hallii
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[4], [21]
Description	Anaerobutyricum hallii is an anaerobic bacteria that lives inside the human digestive system.
Eubacterium rectale
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[5], [6]
Description	Eubacteria rectale is one of the most prevalent human gut bacteria, but its diversity and population genetics are not well understood because large-scale whole-genome investigations of this microbe have not been carried out.
Roseburia inulinovorans
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[8], [6]
Description	Roseburia inulinivorans is a bacteria first isolated from human faeces. It is anaerobic, gram-positive or gram-variable, slightly curved rod-shaped and motile.
Ruminooccus torques
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[5], [22]
Description	Ruminococcus torques is an obligately anaerobic, gram-negative, non-motile and non-spore forming bacteria. Ruminococcus torques was associated with severity of bowel symptoms.
Enterobacter aerogenes KCTC 2190
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[1], [2]
Description	Klebsiella aerogenes KCTC 2190 is a strain of gram-negative, oxidase negative, catalase positive, citrate positive, indole negative, rod-shaped bacterium.
Klebsiella oxytoca KCTC 1686
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[17], [1]
Description	Klebsiella oxytoca KCTC 1686 is a strain of facultative anaerobic, gram-negative, fermentative bacteria.
Achromobacter xylosoxidans A8
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[3], [1]
Description	Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain A8 was isolated from soil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls. It can use 2-chlorobenzoate and 2,5-dichlorobenzoate as sole sources of carbon and energy.
Achromobacter xylosoxidans NBRC 15126 = ATCC 27061
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[3], [1]
Description	Achromobacter xylosoxidans NBRC 15126 = ATCC 27061 is a strain of aerobic, gram-negative, respiratory metabolism bacteria.
Enterobacter hormaechei YT2
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[17], [1]
Description	Enterobacter hormaechei YT2 is a strain of facultative anaerobic, gram-negative, fermentative, respiratory metabolism bacteria.
Enterobacter hormaechei YT3
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[17], [1]
Description	Enterobacter hormaechei YT3 is a strain of facultative anaerobic, gram-negative, fermentative, respiratory metabolism bacteria.
Geobacillus vulcani PSS1
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[3], [1]
Description	Geobacillus vulcani PSS1 is a strain of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria from the genus Geobacillus.
Corynebacterium striatum ATCC 6940
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[17], [1]
Description	Corynebacteria striatum ATCC 6940 is a strain offacultative anaerobic, gram-positive, saccharolytic bacteria.
Bacteroides ovatus
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[23], [24]
Description	Bacteroides ovatus is an obligate anaerobic, gram-negative common human gut bacteria. It is part of the normal human gut flora, however it is the least common of the Bacteroides intestinal isolates. It has also been associated with Coeliac disease.
Bacteroides uniformis
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[3], [25]
Description	Bacteroides uniformis is a species of anaerobic, gram-negative, rod shaped bacteria assigned to the phylum Bacteroidetes. It is found in the human and swine intestinal tract, but can be pathogenic in other locations.
Bacteroides vulgatus
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[3], [25]
Description	Bacteroides vulgatus is an anaerobic, gram-negative among the most commonly isolated microbes from the human gastrointestinal tract, and it has been found to constitute part of the core gut microbiota in healthy humans. It is generally considered to be a beneficial gut commensal, but studies also suggest that important intraspecies variations may exist, with specific strains of B. vulgatus shown to be capable of promoting or protecting against colitis.
Bacteroides fragilis
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[3], [25]
Description	Bacteroides fragilis is an obligately anaerobic, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria. It is part of the normal microbiota of the human colon and is generally commensal, but can cause infection if displaced into the bloodstream or surrounding tissue following surgery, disease or trauma.
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[3], [25]
Description	Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron is a species of bacteria of the genus Bacteroides. It is a gram-negative obligate anaerobic. It is one of the most common bacteria found in human gut microbiota and is also an opportunistic pathogen.
Clostridium perfringens
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[3], [25]
Description	Clostridium perfringens is an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped pathogenic bacteria of the genus Clostridium.
Burkholderia cenocepacia
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[3], [26]
Description	Burkholderia cenocepacia is a gram-negative aerobic bacteria that belongs to a group of opportunistic pathogens displaying diverse environmental and pathogenic lifestyles. Burkholderia cenocepacia is an opportunistic pathogen that has a propensity to infect cystic fibrosis patients.
Desulfobacula toluolica Tol2
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[3], [27]
Description	Desulfobacula toluolica Tol2 is a gram-negative and sulfate-reducing bacterium from the genus of Desulfobacula
Clostridium aminovalericum
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[3], [25]
Description	Anaerocolumna aminovalerica is an anaerobic, mesophilic bacteria.
Clostridium bartletti
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[3], [25]
Description	Intestinibacter bartlettii is an anaerobic, mesophilic bacteria that was isolated from human faecal material.
Clostridium bifermentans
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[3], [25]
Description	Paraclostridium bifermentans is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacteria.
Clostridium clostridioforme
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[3], [25]
Description	Enterocloster clostridioformis, formerly known as Clostridium clostridioforme, is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacteria.
Clostridium lentoputrescens
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[3], [25]
Description	Clostridium cochlearium is an anaerobic, mesophilic human pathogen of the family Clostridiaceae.
Clostridium lituseburense
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[3], [25]
Description	Romboutsia lituseburensis is an anaerobic, mesophilic bacteria from the genus Romboutsia.
Clostridium paraperfringens
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[3], [25]
Description	Clostridium baratii is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacteria. It is a rare cause of infant botulism, in which newborns or infants lose their muscle tone, and develop trouble feeding due to a difficulty in breathing, which can be fatal.
Clostridium propionicum
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[3], [25]
Description	Anaerotignum propionicum is an anaerobic bacteria from the genus Anaerotignum.
Clostridium putrefaciens
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[3], [25]
Description	Clostridium putrefaciens is an anaerobic, mesophilic human pathogen that was isolated from ham.
Peptostreptococcus anaerobius
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[3], [25]
Description	Peptostreptococcus anaerobius is a gram-positive anaerobic coccus that is widely distributed in the normal human flora. The organism has also been implicated as a causative agent of several systemic infections, including endocarditis and infections of the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts.
Lactobacillus casei
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[3], [25]
Description	Lactobacillus casei is a facultative anaerobic, gram-negative bacteria. It is known to be a probiotic. It may be a useful supplement for application in children during acute diarrhea to reduce clinical severity and intestinal inflammatory reaction.
Lactobacillus helveticus
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[3], [25]
Description	Lactobacillus helveticus is a lactic-acid producing, rod-shaped bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus.
Anaerostipes caccae
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[3], [25]
Description	Anaerostipes caccae is a species of obligate anaerobic and gram-positive, saccharolytic bacteria.
Ruminococcus sp.
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[3], [25]
Description	Ruminococcus is a genus of bacteria in the class Clostridia. They are anaerobic, gram-positive gut microbes.
Megamonas hypermegale
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[3], [25]
Description	Megamonas hypermegale is an anaerobic, mesophilic bacteria from the genus Megamonas.
Bacteroides eggerthii
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[3], [25]
Description	Bacteroides eggerthii is an anaerobic, mesophilic bacteria that was isolated from human faeces.
Parabacteroides distasonis
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[3], [25]
Description	Parabacteroides distasonis is a gram-negative, non-sporeforming, obligately anaerobic, rod-shaped, and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Parabacteroides.
Bifidobacterium infantis
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[3], [25]
Description	Bifidobacterium infantis is a highly specialized microbe ("beneficial bacteria") that resides in the gut microbiome.
Ruminococcus obeum
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[3], [25]
Description	Ruminococcus obeum is a species of anaerobic, gram-positive bacteria found in the gut.
Bacteroides gingivalis
Detailed Information	MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota	[3], [25]
Description	Bacteroides gingivalis seem to be major pathogens in advancing periodontitis in man.

References
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2	Gestational choline supply regulates methylation of histone H3, expression of histone methyltransferases G9a (Kmt1c) and Suv39h1 (Kmt1a), and DNA methylation of their genes in rat fetal liver and brain. J Biol Chem. 2009 Jan 23;284(4):1982-9. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M807651200. Epub 2008 Nov 10.
3	Dietary metabolites derived from gut microbiota: critical modulators of epigenetic changes in mammals. Nutr Rev. 2017 May 1;75(5):374-389. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nux001.
4	Gut Microbiota as Important Mediator Between Diet and DNA Methylation and Histone Modifications in the Host. Nutrients. 2020 Feb 25;12(3):597. doi: 10.3390/nu12030597.
5	Butyrate drives the acetylation of histone H3K9 to activate steroidogenesis through PPAR-gamma and PGC1-alpha pathways in ovarian granulosa cells. FASEB J. 2021 Feb;35(2):e21316. doi: 10.1096/fj.202000444R.
6	The composition and metabolism of faecal microbiota is specifically modulated by different dietary polysaccharides and mucin: an isothermal microcalorimetry study Benef Microbes. 2018 Jan 29;9(1):21-34. doi: 10.3920/BM2016.0198. Epub 2017 Oct 12.
7	Human gut bacteria as potent class I histone deacetylase inhibitors in vitro through production of butyric acid and valeric acid. PLoS One. 2018 Jul 27;13(7):e0201073. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201073. eCollection 2018.
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