Details of Microbe Species (MIC)

General Information of MIC (ID: MC0727)
  MIC Name
Actinobacteria
  Synonym
Actinomycetes; High GC gram-positive bacteria
  Lineage Kingdom: Bacteria
Phylum: Actinobacteria
Class: Actinobacteria
  Oxygen Sensitivity
Aerobe or Anaerobe
  Microbial Metabolism
Saccharolytic; Fermentative
  Gram
Positive
  Host Relationship
Commensal
  Description
Actinobacteria are ubiquitous gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine contents in DNA, having a characteristic filamentous morphology.
  External Links Taxonomy ID 1760
GutMDisorder ID gm0016
GIMICA ID MIC00025

Full List of Metabolite(s) Produced by This MIC
     Molecule Type: Choline metabolites
           Metabolite Name: Dimethylamine Click to Show/Hide
              Detailed Infomation Meta Info click to show the detail information of this Metabolite
              Metabolic Classification Microbial producted compound [precursors]
Modification Type Molecule EM Info Cell/Tissue Type Modified sites Condition REF
DNA Methylation DNMT EM Info . . . [1]
           Metabolite Name: Dimethylglicine Click to Show/Hide
              Detailed Infomation Meta Info click to show the detail information of this Metabolite
              Metabolic Classification Microbial producted compound [precursors]
Modification Type Molecule EM Info Cell/Tissue Type Modified sites Condition REF
DNA Methylation DNMT EM Info . . . [1]
           Metabolite Name: Methylamine Click to Show/Hide
              Detailed Infomation Meta Info click to show the detail information of this Metabolite
              Metabolic Classification Microbial producted compound [end-products]
Modification Type Molecule EM Info Cell/Tissue Type Modified sites Condition REF
DNA Methylation DNMT EM Info . . . [1]
           Metabolite Name: Thrimethylamine Click to Show/Hide
              Detailed Infomation Meta Info click to show the detail information of this Metabolite
              Metabolic Classification Microbial producted compound [end-products]
Modification Type Molecule EM Info Cell/Tissue Type Modified sites Condition REF
DNA Methylation DNMT EM Info . . . [2], [1]
     Molecule Type: Vitamins
           Metabolite Name: Biotin (B7) Click to Show/Hide
              Detailed Infomation Meta Info click to show the detail information of this Metabolite
              Metabolic Classification Microbial producted compound [others]
Modification Type Molecule EM Info Cell/Tissue Type Modified sites Condition REF
Histone Biotinylation H4K12 EM Info Jurkat cells SMVT promoter 1 . [1]
Histone Biotinylation H2AK9 EM Info Jurkat cells IL-8 promoter . [1]
           Metabolite Name: Cobalamin (B12) Click to Show/Hide
              Detailed Infomation Meta Info click to show the detail information of this Metabolite
              Metabolic Classification Microbial producted compound [others]
Modification Type Molecule EM Info Cell/Tissue Type Modified sites Condition REF
DNA Hypermethylation Ccl3 EM Info Hippocampal cells promoter Bacterial meningitis [1]
DNA Hypermethylation DNMT3A EM Info Hippocampal cells promoter Bacterial meningitis [1]
           Metabolite Name: Folate (B9) Click to Show/Hide
              Detailed Infomation Meta Info click to show the detail information of this Metabolite
              Metabolic Classification Microbial producted compound [others]
Modification Type Molecule EM Info Cell/Tissue Type Modified sites Condition REF
DNA Methylation MLH1 EM Info Serum CpG site . [1]
DNA Methylation p16 EM Info Serum CpG site . [1]
DNA Methylation Ccl3 EM Info Hippocampal cells Promoter . [1]
DNA Methylation MGMT EM Info Serum CpG site . [1]
miRNA miR-149-5p EM Info HL-7702 cells . Normal [1]
miRNA miR-149-5p EM Info QGY-7703 cells . Normal [1]
miRNA miR-22-3p EM Info HL-7702 cells . Normal [1]
miRNA miR-22-3p EM Info QGY-7703 cells . Normal [1]
           Metabolite Name: Niacin (B3) Click to Show/Hide
              Detailed Infomation Meta Info click to show the detail information of this Metabolite
              Metabolic Classification Microbial producted compound [precursors]
Modification Type Molecule EM Info Cell/Tissue Type Modified sites Condition REF
Histone Acetylation H4 EM Info Primary lymphocytes FXN Friedreich's ataxia [1]
Histone Acetylation H3 EM Info Primary lymphocytes FXN Friedreich's ataxia [1], [3]
Histone Trimethylation H3K27 EM Info Primary lymphocytes FXN Friedreich's ataxia [1]
Histone Trimethylation H3K9 EM Info Primary lymphocytes FXN Friedreich's ataxia [1]
           Metabolite Name: Pantothenic acid (B5) Click to Show/Hide
              Detailed Infomation Meta Info click to show the detail information of this Metabolite
              Metabolic Classification Microbial producted compound [precursors]
Modification Type Molecule EM Info Cell/Tissue Type Modified sites Condition REF
DNA Methylation DNMT EM Info . . . [1], [3]
Histone Deacetylation Sirtuin 4 EM Info . . . [2], [1]
Histone Methylation HMT EM Info . . . [1], [3]
           Metabolite Name: Pyridoxine (B6) Click to Show/Hide
              Detailed Infomation Meta Info click to show the detail information of this Metabolite
              Metabolic Classification Microbial producted compound [precursors]
Modification Type Molecule EM Info Cell/Tissue Type Modified sites Condition REF
DNA Methylation DNMT EM Info . . . [2], [1]
Histone Acetylation Histone Acetylase (HAT) EM Info . . . [1], [4]
Histone Deacetylation Sirtuin 4 EM Info . . . [1], [5]
Histone Methylation HMT EM Info . . . [1], [6]
           Metabolite Name: Riboflavin (B2) Click to Show/Hide
              Detailed Infomation Meta Info click to show the detail information of this Metabolite
              Metabolic Classification Microbial producted compound [precursors]
Modification Type Molecule EM Info Cell/Tissue Type Modified sites Condition REF
DNA Methylation MTHFR EM Info Peripheral blood leukocyte north shore MTHFR 677TT genotype [1], [7]
DNA Methylation AGTR1 EM Info Peripheral blood leukocyte Promoter MTHFR C677T polymorphism [1], [8]
DNA Methylation GNA12 EM Info Peripheral blood leukocyte Promoter MTHFR C677T polymorphism [1], [8]
DNA Methylation LINE-1 EM Info Peripheral blood leukocyte CpG sites MTHFR 677TT genotype [1], [8]
DNA Methylation IGF2 EM Info Peripheral blood leukocyte DMR2 MTHFR C677T polymorphism [1], [9]
Histone Methylation H3K4 EM Info MGC-803 cells LSD1 Gastric cancer [1], [9]
           Metabolite Name: Thiamine (B1) Click to Show/Hide
              Detailed Infomation Meta Info click to show the detail information of this Metabolite
              Metabolic Classification Microbial producted compound [precursors]
Modification Type Molecule EM Info Cell/Tissue Type Modified sites Condition REF
DNA Methylation DNMT EM Info . . . [1], [7]
Histone Deacetylation Sirtuin 4 EM Info . . . [1], [7]
Histone Methylation HMT EM Info . . . [1], [7]
           Metabolite Name: Vitamin K Click to Show/Hide
              Detailed Infomation Meta Info click to show the detail information of this Metabolite
              Metabolic Classification Microbial producted compound [others]
Modification Type Molecule EM Info Cell/Tissue Type Modified sites Condition REF
DNA Methylation DNMT EM Info . . . [2], [1]
Histone Acetylation Histone Acetylase (HAT) EM Info . . . [1], [10]
Histone Deacetylation Sirtuin 4 EM Info . . . [1], [10]
Histone Methylation HMT EM Info . . . [1], [10]


References
1 Gut Microbiota as Important Mediator Between Diet and DNA Methylation and Histone Modifications in the Host. Nutrients. 2020 Feb 25;12(3):597. doi: 10.3390/nu12030597.
2 Response of MiRNA-22-3p and MiRNA-149-5p to Folate Deficiency and the Differential Regulation of MTHFR Expression in Normal and Cancerous Human Hepatocytes. PLoS One. 2017 Jan 3;12(1):e0168049. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168049. eCollection 2017.
3 Vitamin B(12) is neuroprotective in experimental pneumococcal meningitis through modulation of hippocampal DNA methylation. J Neuroinflammation. 2020 Apr 1;17(1):96. doi: 10.1186/s12974-020-01763-y.
4 Holocarboxylase synthetase regulates expression of biotin transporters by chromatin remodeling events at the SMVT locus. J Nutr Biochem. 2008 Jun;19(6):400-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2007.06.002. Epub 2007 Sep 27.
5 Lysine-specific demethylase 1 activation by vitamin B2 attenuates efficacy of apatinib for proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cell MGC-803. J Cell Biochem. 2018 Jun;119(6):4957-4966. doi: 10.1002/jcb.26741. Epub 2018 Mar 9.
6 Biotinylation of histones represses transposable elements in human and mouse cells and cell lines and in Drosophila melanogaster. J Nutr. 2008 Dec;138(12):2316-22. doi: 10.3945/jn.108.098673.
7 Heterochromatinization induced by GAA-repeat hyperexpansion in Friedreich's ataxia can be reduced upon HDAC inhibition by vitamin B3. Hum Mol Genet. 2013 Jul 1;22(13):2662-75. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddt115. Epub 2013 Mar 7.
8 DNA methylation of hypertension-related genes and effect of riboflavin supplementation in adults stratified by genotype for the MTHFR C677T polymorphism. Int J Cardiol. 2021 Jan 1;322:233-239. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.09.011. Epub 2020 Sep 10.
9 Riboflavin supplementation alters global and gene-specific DNA methylation in adults with the MTHFR 677 TT genotype. Biochimie. 2020 Jun;173:17-26. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.04.007. Epub 2020 Apr 22.
10 High levels of circulating folate concentrations are associated with DNA methylation of tumor suppressor and repair genes p16, MLH1, and MGMT in elderly Chileans. Clin Epigenetics. 2017 Jul 24;9:74. doi: 10.1186/s13148-017-0374-y. eCollection 2017.

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