Details of Microbe Species (MIC)

General Information of MIC (ID: MC0299)
  MIC Name
Clostridium botulinum A str. ATCC 3502
  Lineage Kingdom: Bacteria
Phylum: Firmicutes
Class: Clostridia
Order: Clostridiales
Family: Clostridiaceae
Genus: Clostridium
  Oxygen Sensitivity
Anaerobe
  Microbial Metabolism
Proteolytic; Fermentative
  Gram
Positive
  Genome Size (bp)
3903260
  Description
Clostridium botulinum A str. ATCC 3502 is a strain of anaerobic, gram-positive, proteolytic bacteria.
  External Links Taxonomy ID 413999

Full List of Metabolite(s) Produced by This MIC
     Molecule Type: Amino acid (AAs)
           Metabolite Name: Tryptophan Click to Show/Hide
              Detailed Infomation Meta Info click to show the detail information of this Metabolite
              Metabolic Classification Microbial producted compound [precursors]
Modification Type Molecule EM Info Cell/Tissue Type Modified sites Condition REF
DNA Methylation ARL4C EM Info Hepatocellular CpG site: Cg15016771 non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [1], [2]
DNA Methylation BMP2 EM Info Hepatocellular CpG site: Cg16831623 non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [1], [2]
DNA Methylation CLDN8 EM Info Hepatocellular CpG site: Cg06427867 non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [1], [2]
DNA Methylation C1QTNF1 EM Info Hepatocellular CpG site: Cg00193613 non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [1], [2]
DNA Methylation ZNF611 EM Info Hepatocellular CpG site: Cg27182293 non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [2], [3]
DNA Methylation FMNL2 EM Info Hepatocellular CpG site: Cg01467882 non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [4], [2]
DNA Methylation MCC EM Info Hepatocellular CpG site: Cg24094897 non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [4], [2]
DNA Methylation HDAC9 EM Info Hepatocellular CpG site: Cg16925459 non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [4], [2]
DNA Methylation FAM188B EM Info Hepatocellular CpG site: Cg02543636 non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [4], [2]
DNA Methylation CRTAC1 EM Info Hepatocellular CpG site: Cg03888360 non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [4], [2]
DNA Methylation COL4A1 EM Info Hepatocellular CpG site: Cg26090406 non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [4], [2]
DNA Methylation FGD6 EM Info Hepatocellular CpG site: Cg21182715 non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [4], [2]
DNA Methylation LGALS9 EM Info Hepatocellular CpG site: Cg27625456 non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [4], [2]
DNA Methylation ITGB4 EM Info Hepatocellular CpG site: Cg16916914 non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [4], [2]
DNA Methylation GRHL3 EM Info Hepatocellular CpG site: Cg02984188 non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [4], [2]
DNA Methylation FAM100A EM Info Hepatocellular CpG site: Cg05009047 non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [4], [2]
DNA Methylation CLPTM1L EM Info Hepatocellular CpG site: Cg10641823 non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [4], [2]
DNA Methylation SLCO3A1 EM Info Hepatocellular CpG site: Cg03756778 non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [5], [2]
DNA Methylation TRPV6 EM Info Hepatocellular CpG site: Cg0642946 non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [5], [2]
DNA Methylation SEMA3E EM Info Hepatocellular CpG site: Cg14519356 non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [6], [2]
DNA Methylation SLC22A20 EM Info Hepatocellular CpG site: Cg27428304 non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [6], [2]
     Molecule Type: Fatty acids
           Metabolite Name: Acetate Click to Show/Hide
              Detailed Infomation Meta Info click to show the detail information of this Metabolite
              Metabolic Classification Microbial producted compound [end-products]
Modification Type Molecule EM Info Cell/Tissue Type Modified sites Condition REF
Histone Acetylation H3K27 EM Info HepG2 cells FASN promoter Hypoxia [7], [2]
Histone Acetylation H3K56 EM Info HepG2 cells VEGF promoter Hypoxia [8], [2]
Histone Acetylation H3K27 EM Info HepG2 cells VEGF promoter Hypoxia [9], [2]
Histone Acetylation H3K27 EM Info HepG2 cells ACACA promoter Hypoxia [1], [2]
Histone Acetylation H3K27 EM Info HepG2 cells LDHA promoter Hypoxia [1], [2]
Histone Acetylation H3K56 EM Info HepG2 cells ACACA promoter Hypoxia [1], [2]
Histone Acetylation H3K56 EM Info HepG2 cells LDHA promoter Hypoxia [1], [2]
Histone Acetylation H3K9 EM Info HepG2 cells ACACA promoter Hypoxia [1], [2]
Histone Acetylation H3K9 EM Info HepG2 cells LDHA promoter Hypoxia [1], [2]
Histone Acetylation H3K9 EM Info HepG2 cells VEGF promoter Hypoxia [1], [2]
Histone Acetylation H3K56 EM Info HepG2 cells FASN promoter Hypoxia [2], [3]
Histone Acetylation H3K9 EM Info HepG2 cells FASN promoter Hypoxia [10], [2]
Histone Deacetylation HDAC9 EM Info Eosinophil cell . Asthma [7], [2]
           Metabolite Name: Butyrate Click to Show/Hide
              Detailed Infomation Meta Info click to show the detail information of this Metabolite
              Metabolic Classification Microbial producted compound [end-products]
Modification Type Molecule EM Info Cell/Tissue Type Modified sites Condition REF
DNA Demethylation DPPA2 EM Info iPS cells promoter . [1], [2]
DNA Demethylation POU5F1 EM Info iPS cells promoter . [1], [2]
Histone Acetylation H3 EM Info CD41T cells Foxo3A promoter . [1], [2]
Histone Acetylation H3K9 EM Info KGN cells GPR41 . [1], [2]
Histone Acetylation H3K9 EM Info KGN cells GPR43 . [1], [2]
Histone Deacetylation HDAC2 EM Info . . . [1], [2]
Histone Deacetylation HDAC1 EM Info . . . [1], [2]
miRNA miR-92a EM Info Colon cancer cells . Colon cancer [1], [2]
           Metabolite Name: Propionate Click to Show/Hide
              Detailed Infomation Meta Info click to show the detail information of this Metabolite
              Metabolic Classification Microbial producted compound [end-products]
Modification Type Molecule EM Info Cell/Tissue Type Modified sites Condition REF
Histone Propionylation H3 EM Info Primary myocytes lysine 23 Health [1], [2]
Histone Propionylation H3K23 EM Info C2C12 cells Myod . [1], [2]


References
1 Serum aromatic and branched-chain amino acids associated with NASH demonstrate divergent associations with serum lipids. Liver Int. 2021 Apr;41(4):754-763. doi: 10.1111/liv.14743. Epub 2020 Dec 5.
2 The Virtual Metabolic Human database: integrating human and gut microbiome metabolism with nutrition and disease. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019 Jan 8;47(D1):D614-D624. doi: 10.1093/nar/gky992.
3 Propionate hampers differentiation and modifies histone propionylation and acetylation in skeletal muscle cells. Mech Ageing Dev. 2021 Jun;196:111495. doi: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111495. Epub 2021 Apr 28.
4 Acetate functions as an epigenetic metabolite to promote lipid synthesis under hypoxia. Nat Commun. 2016 Jun 30;7:11960. doi: 10.1038/ncomms11960.
5 Butyrate drives the acetylation of histone H3K9 to activate steroidogenesis through PPAR-gamma and PGC1-alpha pathways in ovarian granulosa cells. FASEB J. 2021 Feb;35(2):e21316. doi: 10.1096/fj.202000444R.
6 Butyrate greatly enhances derivation of human induced pluripotent stem cells by promoting epigenetic remodeling and the expression of pluripotency-associated genes. Stem Cells. 2010 Apr;28(4):713-20. doi: 10.1002/stem.402.
7 Dietary metabolites derived from gut microbiota: critical modulators of epigenetic changes in mammals. Nutr Rev. 2017 May 1;75(5):374-389. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nux001.
8 Evidence that asthma is a developmental origin disease influenced by maternal diet and bacterial metabolites. Nat Commun. 2015 Jun 23;6:7320. doi: 10.1038/ncomms8320.
9 Crosstalk between the microbiome and epigenome: messages from bugs. J Biochem. 2018 Feb 1;163(2):105-112. doi: 10.1093/jb/mvx080.
10 Commensal microbe-derived butyrate induces the differentiation of colonic regulatory T cells. Nature. 2013 Dec 19;504(7480):446-50. doi: 10.1038/nature12721. Epub 2013 Nov 13.

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