Details of Metabolite (Meta)

General Information of Metabolite (ID: MT092)
  Meta Name
Benzoate
  Unify Name
Benzoic acid
  Synonym    Click to Show/Hide the Detailed Synonyms of This Metabolite
Acide benzoique;Aromatic carboxylic acid;Benzenecarboxylic acid;Benzeneformic acid;Benzenemethanoic acid;Benzoesaeure;Dracylic acid;e210;Phenylcarboxylic acid;Phenylformic acid;Benzoate;Aromatic carboxylate;Benzenecarboxylate;Benzeneformate;Benzenemethanoate;Dracylate;Phenylcarboxylate;Phenylformate;Benzenemethonic acid;Benzoic acid sodium salt;Carboxybenzene;Diacylate;Diacylic acid;Oracylic acid;Sodium benzoate;Sodium benzoic acid;Acid, benzoic;Kendall brand OF benzoic acid sodium salt;Benzoate, potassium;Potassium benzoate;Ucephan
  Molecule Type
Phenolic compounds
  Formula
C7H5O2
  Inchi Key
WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-M
  Description    Click to Show/Hide the Detailed Description of This Metabolite
Human Metabolome Database (HMDB): Benzoic acid, C6H5COOH, is a colourless crystalline solid and the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. Benzoic acid occurs naturally free and bound as benzoic acid esters in many plant and animal species. Appreciable amounts have been found in most berries (around 0.05%). Cranberries contain as much as 300-1300 mg free benzoic acid per kg fruit. Benzoic acid is a fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It often is conjugated to glycine in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid. Benzoic acid is a byproduct of phenylalanine metabolism in bacteria. It is also produced when gut bacteria process polyphenols (from ingested fruits or beverages).
  External Links   HMDB ID   HMDB0001870
  VMH ID   bz
  KEGG ID   C00180
  Metlin ID   1297

The epigenetic modification information of this metabolite
Modification Type Molecule EM Info Cell/Tissue Type Modified sites Condition REF
DNA Methylation DNMT EM Info . . . [1], [2]
Histone Benzoylation H2AK13 EM Info HepG2 cells AKbzAKprSR (modified peptide) . [1], [2]
Histone Benzoylation H2AK9 EM Info HepG2 cells GKacQGGKbzAR (modified peptide) . [1], [2]
Histone Benzoylation H2BK11 EM Info HepG2 cells SAPAPKbzK (modified peptide) . [1], [2]
Histone Benzoylation H2BK16 EM Info HepG2 cells KbzAVTKacAQK(modified peptide) . [1], [2]
Histone Benzoylation H2BK20 EM Info HepG2 cells KAVTKbzAQK(modified peptide) . [1], [2]
Histone Benzoylation H2BK5 EM Info HepG2 cells PEPTKbzSAPAPK (modified peptide) . [1], [2]
Histone Benzoylation H3K14 EM Info HepG2 cells STGGKbzAPR (modified peptide) . [1], [2]
Histone Benzoylation H3K18 EM Info HepG2 cells KbzQLATKacAAR (modified peptide) . [1], [2]
Histone Benzoylation H3K23 EM Info HepG2 cells KQLATKbzAAR (modified peptide) . [1], [2]
Histone Benzoylation H3K4 EM Info HepG2 cells TKbzQTAR (modified peptide) . [1], [2]
Histone Benzoylation H3K9 EM Info HepG2 cells KbzSTGGKacAPR (modified peptide) . [1], [2]
Histone Benzoylation H4K12 EM Info HepG2 cells GLGKbzGGAKacR (modified peptide) . [1], [2]
Histone Benzoylation H4K16 EM Info HepG2 cells GGKprGLGKprGGAKbzR (modified peptide) . [1], [2]
Histone Benzoylation H4K5 EM Info HepG2 cells GKbzGGKacGLGKacGGAKacR (modified peptide) . [1], [2]
Histone Benzoylation H4K8 EM Info HepG2 cells GKacGGKbzGLGKacGGAKacR (modified peptide) . [1], [2]
Histone Deacetylation HDAC EM Info . . . [1], [2]
Histone Acetylation Histone Acetylase (HAT) EM Info . . . [1], [2]
Histone Methylation HMT EM Info . . . [1], [2]

The microbes that produce this metabolite
      Bifidobacterium
         Detailed Information MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota [1], [2]
         Description
Bifidobacteria is a genus of gram-positive, nonmotile, often branched anaerobic bacteria. They are ubiquitous inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract, vagina and mouth of mammals, including humans.
      Subdoligranulum
         Detailed Information MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota [1]
         Description
Subdoligranulum is a genus of gram-negative, strictly anaerobic bacteria from the family Oscillospiraceae.
      Clostridium difficile
         Detailed Information MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota [1]
         Description
Clostridioides difficile is a species of gram-positive, anaerobic bacteria from the genus Clostridioides.
      Lactobacillus
         Detailed Information MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota [3], [1]
         Description
Lactobacillus is a genus of gram-positive, facultative anaerobic or microaerophilic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria. They are a major part of the lactic acid bacteria group. In humans, they constitute a significant component of the microbiota at a number of body sites, such as the digestive system, urinary system, and genital system.

References
1 Gut Microbiota as Important Mediator Between Diet and DNA Methylation and Histone Modifications in the Host. Nutrients. 2020 Feb 25;12(3):597. doi: 10.3390/nu12030597.
2 Arachidonic and oleic acid exert distinct effects on the DNA methylome. Epigenetics. 2016 May 3;11(5):321-34. doi: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1161873. Epub 2016 Apr 18.
3 Valerian and valeric acid inhibit growth of breast cancer cells possibly by mediating epigenetic modifications. Sci Rep. 2021 Jan 28;11(1):2519. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-81620-x.

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