Details of Microbe Species (MIC)

General Information of MIC (ID: MC0766)
  MIC Name
Staphylococcus epidermidis
  Synonym
Albococcus epidermidis
  Lineage Kingdom: Bacteria
Phylum: Firmicutes
Class: Bacilli
Order: Bacillales
Family: Staphylococcaceae
Genus: Staphylococcus
  Oxygen Sensitivity
Facultative anaerobe
  Microbial Metabolism
Saccharolytic; Respiratory or Fermentative
  Gram
Positive
  Host Relationship
Opportunistic pathogen; Probiotic
  Genome Size (bp)
2339868
  No. of Coding Genes
2185
  No. of Non-Coding Genes
73
  No. of Small Non-Coding Genes
73
  No. of Gene Transcripts
2258
  No. of Base Pairs
2417500
  Description
Staphylococcus epidermidis is a facultative anaerobic, gram-positive bacteria. It is part of the normal human flora, typically the skin flora, and less commonly the mucosal flora. Although S. epidermidis is not usually pathogenic, patients with compromised immune systems are at risk of developing infection.
  External Links Taxonomy ID 1282
GutMDisorder ID gm0621
Genome Assembly ID SE1457
GOLD Database ID Go0005525
GIMICA ID MIC01214

Full List of Metabolite(s) Produced by This MIC
     Molecule Type: Fatty acids
           Metabolite Name: Butyrate Click to Show/Hide
              Detailed Infomation Meta Info click to show the detail information of this Metabolite
              Metabolic Classification Microbial producted compound [end-products]
Modification Type Molecule EM Info Cell/Tissue Type Modified sites Condition REF
DNA Demethylation DPPA2 EM Info iPS cells promoter . [1], [2]
DNA Demethylation POU5F1 EM Info iPS cells promoter . [1], [2]
Histone Acetylation H3 EM Info CD41T cells Foxo3A promoter . [3], [2]
Histone Crotonylation H3K9 EM Info KGN cells GPR43 . [4], [2]
Histone Deacetylation HDAC2 EM Info . . . [5], [2]
Histone Deacetylation HDAC1 EM Info . . . [5], [2]
miRNA miR-92a EM Info Colon cancer cells . Colon cancer [6], [2]


References
1 Butyrate greatly enhances derivation of human induced pluripotent stem cells by promoting epigenetic remodeling and the expression of pluripotency-associated genes. Stem Cells. 2010 Apr;28(4):713-20. doi: 10.1002/stem.402.
2 A Derivative of Butyric Acid, the Fermentation Metabolite of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Inhibits the Growth of a Staphylococcus aureus Strain Isolated from Atopic Dermatitis Patients Toxins (Basel). 2019 May 31;11(6):311. doi: 10.3390/toxins11060311.
3 Commensal microbe-derived butyrate induces the differentiation of colonic regulatory T cells. Nature. 2013 Dec 19;504(7480):446-50. doi: 10.1038/nature12721. Epub 2013 Nov 13.
4 Butyrate drives the acetylation of histone H3K9 to activate steroidogenesis through PPAR-gamma and PGC1-alpha pathways in ovarian granulosa cells. FASEB J. 2021 Feb;35(2):e21316. doi: 10.1096/fj.202000444R.
5 Dietary metabolites derived from gut microbiota: critical modulators of epigenetic changes in mammals. Nutr Rev. 2017 May 1;75(5):374-389. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nux001.
6 Crosstalk between the microbiome and epigenome: messages from bugs. J Biochem. 2018 Feb 1;163(2):105-112. doi: 10.1093/jb/mvx080.

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