Details of Metabolite (Meta)

General Information of Metabolite (ID: MT043)
  Meta Name
Kynurenine
  Unify Name
L-Kynurenine
  Synonym    Click to Show/Hide the Detailed Synonyms of This Metabolite
(2S)-2-Amino-4-(2-aminophenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid;3-Anthraniloyl-L-alanine;KYNURENINE;(2S)-2-Amino-4-(2-aminophenyl)-4-oxobutanoate;(AlphaS)-alpha,2-diamino-3-hydroxy-gamma-oxo-benzenebutanoate;(AlphaS)-alpha,2-diamino-3-hydroxy-gamma-oxo-benzenebutanoic acid;(S)-alpha,2-Diamino-3-hydroxy-gamma-oxo-benzenebutanoate;(S)-alpha,2-Diamino-3-hydroxy-gamma-oxo-benzenebutanoic acid;3-(3-Hydroxyanthraniloyl)-L-alanine;3-Anthraniloyl-alanine;3-Anthraniloylalanine;3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine;alpha,2-Diamino-gamma-oxo-benzenebutanoate;alpha,2-Diamino-gamma-oxo-benzenebutanoic acid;DL-Kynurenine;DL-Kynureninefree base;Kynurenin;Quinurenine
  Molecule Type
Tryptophan metabolites
  Formula
C10H12N2O3
  Inchi Key
YGPSJZOEDVAXAB-QMMMGPOBSA-N
  Description    Click to Show/Hide the Detailed Description of This Metabolite
Human Metabolome Database (HMDB): Kynurenine is a metabolite of the amino acid tryptophan used in the production of niacin. L-Kynurenine is a central compound of the tryptophan metabolism pathway since it can change into the neuroprotective agent kynurenic acid or to the neurotoxic agent quinolinic acid. The break-up of these endogenous compounds' balance can be observable in many disorders such as stroke, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It can also occur in neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's, and Alzheimer's disease; and in mental disorders such as schizophrenia and depression.
  External Links   HMDB ID   HMDB0000684
  VMH ID   Lkynr
  KEGG ID   C00328
  Metlin ID   72

The epigenetic modification information of this metabolite
Modification Type Molecule EM Info Cell/Tissue Type Modified sites Condition REF
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells AGRP . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells ARNT2 . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells ASCL1 . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells AVP . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells BMP7 . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells CARTPT . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells CCK . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells CORT . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells CRH . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells GALP . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells GAST . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells GHRH . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells GNRH2 . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells HCRT . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells HMX2 . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells KISS1 . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells LHX1 . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells NKX2-1 . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells NPVF . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells NPW . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells NPY . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells NR5A1 . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells OTP . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells OXT . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells PDYN . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells PENK . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells PNOC . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells POMC . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells POU3F2 . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells PRLH . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells RAX . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells SHH . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells SIM1 . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells SIX3 . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells SST . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells TRH . [1], [2]
Histone O-GlcNAcylation H2AS40 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells VAX1 . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells AGRP . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells ARNT2 . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells ASCL1 . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells AVP . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells BMP7 . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells CARTPT . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells CCK . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells CORT . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells CRH . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells GALP . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells GAST . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells GHRH . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells GNRH2 . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells HCRT . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells HMX2 . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells KISS1 . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells LHX1 . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells NKX2-1 . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells NPVF . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells NPW . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells NPY . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells NR5A1 . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells OTP . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells OXT . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells PDYN . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells PENK . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells PNOC . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells POMC . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells POU3F2 . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells PRLH . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells RAX . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells SHH . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells SIM1 . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells SIX3 . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells SST . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells TRH . [1], [2]
Histone Trimethylation H3K4 EM Info hiPSC-derived neural cells VAX1 . [1], [2]

The microbes that produce this metabolite
      Escherichia coli
         Detailed Information MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota [1], [3]
         Description
Escherichia coli, also known as E. coli, is a gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacteria of the genus Escherichia.
      Bifidobacterium
         Detailed Information MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota [1], [2]
         Description
Bifidobacteria is a genus of gram-positive, nonmotile, often branched anaerobic bacteria. They are ubiquitous inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract, vagina and mouth of mammals, including humans.
      Eubacterium hallii
         Detailed Information MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota [4], [5]
         Description
Anaerobutyricum hallii is an anaerobic bacteria that lives inside the human digestive system.
      Clostridium sporogenes
         Detailed Information MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota [1]
         Description
Clostridium sporogenes is a species of gram-positive bacteria that belongs to the genus Clostridium.
      Lactobacillus spp.
         Detailed Information MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota [6], [7]
         Description
Lactobacillus sp. is a bacteria of gram-positive, aerotolerant anaerobics or microaerophilic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria.

References
1 Gut Microbiota as Important Mediator Between Diet and DNA Methylation and Histone Modifications in the Host. Nutrients. 2020 Feb 25;12(3):597. doi: 10.3390/nu12030597.
2 Arachidonic and oleic acid exert distinct effects on the DNA methylome. Epigenetics. 2016 May 3;11(5):321-34. doi: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1161873. Epub 2016 Apr 18.
3 Vitamin B(12) is neuroprotective in experimental pneumococcal meningitis through modulation of hippocampal DNA methylation. J Neuroinflammation. 2020 Apr 1;17(1):96. doi: 10.1186/s12974-020-01763-y.
4 Crosstalk between the microbiome and epigenome: messages from bugs. J Biochem. 2018 Feb 1;163(2):105-112. doi: 10.1093/jb/mvx080.
5 Mucin Cross-Feeding of Infant Bifidobacteria and Eubacterium hallii Microb Ecol. 2018 Jan;75(1):228-238. doi: 10.1007/s00248-017-1037-4. Epub 2017 Jul 18.
6 Acetate functions as an epigenetic metabolite to promote lipid synthesis under hypoxia. Nat Commun. 2016 Jun 30;7:11960. doi: 10.1038/ncomms11960.
7 Antifungal Activity of Lactobacillus pentosusOCK 0979 in the Presence of Polyols and Galactosyl-Polyols Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2018 Jun;10(2):186-200. doi: 10.1007/s12602-017-9344-0.

If You Find Any Error in Data or Bug in Web Service, Please Kindly Report It to Dr. Tang and Dr. Zhang.