Details of Metabolite (Meta) | MIAOME

General Information of Metabolite (ID: MT070)
Meta Name		Ethionine
Unify Name		L-Ethionine
Synonym		Click to Show/Hide the Detailed Synonyms of This Metabolite L-Ethionine;Ethionine;S-Ethyl-L-homocysteine;L-Homocysteine
Molecule Type		Amino acid (AAs)
Formula		C6H13NO2S
Inchi Key		GGLZPLKKBSSKCX-YFKPBYRVSA-N
Description		Click to Show/Hide the Detailed Description of This Metabolite L-ethionine is an S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre. It has a role as an antimetabolite and a carcinogenic agent. It is an enantiomer of a D-ethionine.

The epigenetic modification information of this metabolite
Modification Type																				Molecule																				EM Info								Cell/Tissue Type																		Modified sites																						Condition														REF
Histone Ethylation																				H3																				EM Info								THP-1 cells																		lysine 36																						.														[1], [2]
Histone Ethylation																				H3																				EM Info								THP-1 cells																		lysine 9																						.														[3], [4]
Histone Trimethylation																				H3K9																				EM Info								Blastocysts																		Nanog																						.														[1], [5]
Histone Trimethylation																				H3K9																				EM Info								Blastocysts																		Tead4																						.														[1], [5]

The microbes that produce this metabolite
Lactobacillus reuteri
Detailed Information		MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota					[1], [2]
Description		Lactobacillus reuteri is a facultative anaerobic, gram-positive bacteria that naturally inhabits the gut of mammals and birds.
Lactobacillus reuteri 6475
Detailed Information		MIC Info click to show the detail information of this Microbiota					[1], [5]
Description		Lactobacillus reuteri is a lactic acid bacteria found in a variety of natural environments, including the gastrointestinal tract of humans and other animals. It does not appear to be pathogenic and may have health effects.

References
1	Dietary metabolites derived from gut microbiota: critical modulators of epigenetic changes in mammals. Nutr Rev. 2017 May 1;75(5):374-389. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nux001.
2	Biosynthesis of Vitamins by Probiotic Bacteria.
3	Two-carbon folate cycle of commensal Lactobacillus reuteri 6475 gives rise to immunomodulatory ethionine, a source for histone ethylation. FASEB J. 2019 Mar;33(3):3536-3548. doi: 10.1096/fj.201801848R. Epub 2018 Nov 19.
4	Methionine-dependent histone methylation at developmentally important gene loci in mouse preimplantation embryos. J Nutr Biochem. 2015 Dec;26(12):1664-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.08.009. Epub 2015 Aug 20.
5	Gut Microbiota as Important Mediator Between Diet and DNA Methylation and Histone Modifications in the Host. Nutrients. 2020 Feb 25;12(3):597. doi: 10.3390/nu12030597.

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