Details of Microbe Species (MIC)

General Information of MIC (ID: MC0045)
  MIC Name
Propionibacterium freudenreichii
  Synonym
Bacterium acidi propionici a, Bacterium acidi propionici d, Propionicibacterium freudenreichii
  Lineage Kingdom: Bacteria
Phylum: Actinobacteria
Class: Actinomycetia
Order: Propionibacteriales
Family: Propionibacteriaceae
Genus: Propionibacterium
  Oxygen Sensitivity
Aerotolerant
  Microbial Metabolism
Saccharolytic; Fermentative
  Gram
Positive
  Host Relationship
Probiotic
  No. of Coding Genes
4659
  No. of Gene Transcripts
4659
  No. of Base Pairs
2614705
  Description
Propionibacteria freudenreichii is a gram-positive, nonmotile bacteria that plays an important role in Swiss-type cheeses. Propionibacteria freudenreichii contribute to the nutty and sweet flavors of the cheese, and the carbon dioxide by-product is responsible for forming the eyes in Swiss-type cheeses.
  External Links Taxonomy ID 1744
GutMDisorder ID gm0543
Genome Assembly ID PFRJS21
GOLD Database ID Go0001786
GIMICA ID MIC01033

Full List of Metabolite(s) Produced by This MIC
     Molecule Type: Fatty acids
           Metabolite Name: Acetate Click to Show/Hide
              Detailed Infomation Meta Info click to show the detail information of this Metabolite
              Metabolic Classification Microbial producted compound [end-products]
Modification Type Molecule EM Info Cell/Tissue Type Modified sites Condition REF
Histone Acetylation H3K27 EM Info HepG2 cells FASN promoter Hypoxia [1], [2]
Histone Acetylation H3K27 EM Info HepG2 cells LDHA promoter Hypoxia [3], [2]
Histone Acetylation H3K56 EM Info HepG2 cells FASN promoter Hypoxia [3], [2]
Histone Acetylation H3K9 EM Info HepG2 cells ACACA promoter Hypoxia [3], [2]
Histone Acetylation H3K9 EM Info HepG2 cells LDHA promoter Hypoxia [3], [2]
Histone Acetylation H4 EM Info Eosinophil cell Foxo3A promoter Asthma [4], [2]
Histone Deacetylation HDAC9 EM Info Eosinophil cell . Asthma [1], [2]
           Metabolite Name: Propionate Click to Show/Hide
              Detailed Infomation Meta Info click to show the detail information of this Metabolite
              Metabolic Classification Microbial producted compound [end-products]
Modification Type Molecule EM Info Cell/Tissue Type Modified sites Condition REF
Histone Propionylation H3K23 EM Info C2C12 cells Myod . [3], [2]
Histone Propionylation H3 EM Info Primary myocytes lysine 23 Health [4], [2]


References
1 Evidence that asthma is a developmental origin disease influenced by maternal diet and bacterial metabolites. Nat Commun. 2015 Jun 23;6:7320. doi: 10.1038/ncomms8320.
2 Food-Like Growth Conditions Support Production of Active Vitamin B12 by Propionibacterium freudenreichii 2067 without DMBI, the Lower Ligand Base, or Cobalt Supplementation Front Microbiol. 2017 Mar 8;8:368. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00368. eCollection 2017.
3 Acetate functions as an epigenetic metabolite to promote lipid synthesis under hypoxia. Nat Commun. 2016 Jun 30;7:11960. doi: 10.1038/ncomms11960.
4 Propionate hampers differentiation and modifies histone propionylation and acetylation in skeletal muscle cells. Mech Ageing Dev. 2021 Jun;196:111495. doi: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111495. Epub 2021 Apr 28.

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